C
CAHW: Community Animal Health Worker.
CAR: Central African Republic.
Carrying capacity: The average number of livestock
and wildlife that may be sustained on a management unit compatibly with management
objectives. It is a function of site characteristics, and management goals and
intensity.
CBPP: Contagious Bovine Pleuro-Pneumonia.
Class of livestock: Description of age or
sex group for a particular kind of livestock, such as cow, bull, calf, yearling,
ewe, ram or lamb.
Climax vegetation: The final vegetation community and highest ecological development
of a plant community that emerges after a series of successive vegetative stages.
The climax community perpetuates itself indefinitely unless disturbed by outside
forces.
CLW: Community Livestock Worker.
Complementary forage: Short-term forage planted
to enhance the management and productivity of a ranch.
Congenital: Deformities, diseases etc., that
are either present at birth or which being transmitted direct from the parents,
show themselves some time after birth.
Contagious Bovine Pleuro-pneumonia (CBPP):
Acute pneumonia in cattle with respiratory distress and fever. Morbidity up
to 100% and mortality rate up to 50%.
Contamination: Entry of undesirable micro-organisms
to some material or object.
Continuous grazing: The grazing of a specific
unit throughout a year, growing season, or that part of a year when grazing
is feasible.
Continuous stocking: A method of grazing livestock
on a specific unit of land where animals have unrestricted and uninterrupted
access throughout the time period when grazing is allowed. The length of the
grazing period should be defined.
Controlled grazing: Controlled grazing has
sometimes been used erroneously to describe increased grazing management. The
control imposed is a matter of level or degree and is better described in terms
of grazing management and grazing methods.
Cover: (1) The plant or plant parts, living
or dead, on the ground surface. (2) The proportional area of ground covered
by plants on a stated area.
Cow-calf operation: A livestock operation
in which a base breeding herd of mother cows and bulls is maintained. The cows
produce a calf crop each year, and the operation keeps some heifer calves from
each calf crop for breeding herd replacements. The rest of the calf crop is
sold between the ages of 6 and 12 months along with old or non-productive cows
and bulls.
Creep grazing: The practice of allowing juvenile
animals to graze areas that their dams cannot access at the same time.
Cropland: Land devoted to the production of
cultivated crops. May be used to produce forage crops.