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Beneficiary working in an irrigated vegetable garden
in Chandrakopar.
Beneficiary drawing water from a well in Chandrakopar.
Beneficiaries working in an irrigated rice paddy
in Chandrakopar.
Beneficiaries working in an irrigated vegetable garden
in Chandrakopar.
Women raise buffalo for milk as an income-generating
activity in Attimartur village, Dharmapuri.
Women raise buffalo for milk as an income-generating
activity in Attimartur village, Dharmapuri.
Women raise buffalo for milk as an income-generating
activity in Attimartur village, Dharmapuri.
Weaving baskets in the district of Dharmapuri as
an income-generating activity supported by the project.
Portrait of a woman and her daughter in the district
of Dharmapuri.
Basket weaving is a commonly practiced craft that
allows women to supplement their incomes without having to move
from their homes. The woman pictured is from the Dharmapuri District.
Women raise cattle as an income-generating activity
in Binnamaugala village, Dharmapuri.
Women raise cattle as an income-generating activity
in Binnamaugala village, Dharmapuri.
Women make incense as an income-generating activity
in Binnamaugala village, Dharmapuri.
Women make incense as an income-generating activity
in Binnamaugala village, Dharmapuri.
Women raise goats as an income-generating activity
in Binnamaugala village, Dharmapuri.
A women's group meets to discuss their objectives
in Thally.
A women's group meets to discuss their objectives
in Thally.
A women's group meets to discuss their objectives
in Thally.
A women's group meets to discuss their objectives
in Thally.
A women's group meets to discuss their objectives
in Thally.
Project beneficiaries cultivate food crops in Dharmapuri.
Portrait of project beneficiaries in Dharmapuri.
A female beneficiary leads her cattle to graze in
T. Kurubarapalli.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. An extension officer addresses the group.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. An extension officer addresses the group.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. An extension officer addresses the group.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. An extension officer addresses the group.
A female beneficiary grazing sheep along with her
family members near T. Kurubarapalli.
A female extension officer leaves the village on
a motorcycle.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. They are preparing a sketch of the village using
local materials such as 'rangoli' powder.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
A group of women help deepen a well near Devasanapallii.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli. They are preparing a sketch of the village using
local materials such as 'rangoli' powder.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli.
Women's group gathering in the village square in
T. Kurubarapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary talks with an extension worker
about her rose garden.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
A female beneficiary in a rose garden in Devasanapalli.
Project beneficiaries work on their cabbage crop,
near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Project beneficiaries work on their cabbage crop,
near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Project beneficiaries return from working on their
cabbage crop, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm
development component of the project.
Project beneficiaries return from working on their
cabbage crop, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm
development component of the project.
Project beneficiaries display their cabbage crop
, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Project beneficiaries clear irrigation canals near
Linganampatti.
Project beneficiaries clear irrigation canals near
Linganampatti.
Project beneficiaries clear irrigation canals near
Linganampatti.
Project beneficiaries clear irrigation canals near
Linganampatti.
Project beneficiaries clear irrigation canals near
Linganampatti.
Female beneficiaries work at well deepening near
Linganampatti.
Female beneficiaries work at well deepening near
Linganampatti.
Women fill buckets with water piped from well near
Linganampatti.
Women fill buckets with water piped from well near
Linganampatti.
Project beneficiaries display their cabbage crop
, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Project beneficiaries display their cabbage crop
, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Project beneficiaries display their cabbage crop
, near Alesebam. Their land was levelled under the on-farm development
component of the project.
Women pump water from a bore-well near Pachappanatti.
Two girls carry jugs of water to their home near
Pachappanatti.
Two girls carry jugs of water to their home near
Pachappanatti. Other women walk down the road to fill their jugs.
A woman carries a jug of water on her head near Pachappanatti.
A woman carries a jug of water on her head near Pachappanatti.
Woman and child pump water from a bore-well near
Pachappanatti.
A woman beneficiary waters coconut plants obtained
through project assistance near Pachappanatti.
A woman beneficiary waters coconut plants obtained
through project assistance near Pachappanatti.
A woman beneficiary waters coconut plants obtained
through project assistance near Pachappanatti.
Two women carry jugs back home from the fields near
Pachappanatti.
Two women carry jugs back home from the fields near
Pachappanatti.
A beneficiary carries her son in her arms. She is
returning home after a group meeting near Gundalam.
Women harvesting in a field near Gundalam.
A beneficiary poses in front of her cultivated fields
near Gundalam.
Child pumps water from a bore-well near Pachappanatti.
Woman pumps water from a bore-well near Pachappanatti.
Women pump water from a bore-well near Pachappanatti.
Women pose in a field at night.
Women pose near an irrigation reservoir.
A women's' group perform a tribal dance.
A women's' group perform a tribal dance.
Women break rocks into small stones at a stone quarry
near Koratagiri.
Women break rocks into small stones at a stone quarry
near Koratagiri.
Women break rocks into small stones at a stone quarry
near Koratagiri.
Women break rocks into small stones at a stone quarry
near Koratagiri.
Women harvesting in a field near Gundalam.
A man transporting his coconuts by bicycle to sell
at the Denkanikotta market.
An old tree, uprooted by heavy winds and rain is
being cut for fuel near Andevanapalli.
An old tree, uprooted by heavy winds and rain is
being cut for fuel near Andevanapalli.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A group of villagers display produce in a street
market at Anchetty.
A women collects what little water a weak spring
yields from a dried up river bed near Anchetty.
A women collects what little water a weak spring
yields from a dried up river bed near Anchetty.
Women collect water from a municipal tap in Hosur.
A women collects what little water a weak spring
yields from a dried up river bed near Anchetty.
A women collects what little water a weak spring
yields from a dried up river bed near Anchetty.
A women collects what little water a weak spring
yields from a dried up river bed near Anchetty.
Woman standing near a water reservoir.
Panoramic view of crops.
Women carry baskets with goods to sell at the market
in Denkanikotta.
Women carry baskets with goods to sell at the market
in Denkanikotta.
A view of the well where deepening and pipe laying
work is taking place in Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary clearing the canal that leads
to her cultivated fields in Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary poses with her son in her plantain
field. She was able to cultivate plantains with help from the project
in Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary poses with her son in her plantain
field. She was able to cultivate plantains with help from the project
in Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary clears the irrigation canal
which carries water to her plantain field near Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary clears the irrigation canal
which carries water to her plantain field near Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary clears the irrigation canal
which carries water to her plantain field near Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary carries a jug of drinking water
near Natrampalayam.
A female beneficiary with her son in Natrampalayam.
In the background a water reservoir and connecting irrigation pipes.
A woman weeds a vegetable field. She has benefited
from on-farm development work.
A stripped peak suffering from deforestation and
soil erosion and a slope showing soil conservation work with contour
ponds.
A stripped peak suffering from deforestation and
soil erosion and a slope showing soil conservation work with contour
ponds.
A female beneficiary clearing the canal that leads
to her cultivated fields in Natrampalayam.
Portrait of a young mother and her children in the
doorway of their home.
A project beneficiary feeding her cows purchased
with credit from the project near Natrampalayam.
A project beneficiary feeding her cows purchased
with credit from the project near Natrampalayam.
A project beneficiary feeding her cows purchased
with credit from the project near Natrampalayam.
A project beneficiary feeding her cows purchased
with credit from the project near Natrampalayam.
A project beneficiary with her livestock near Natrampalayam.
A traditional shoe-making family has received assistance
to enlarge its' family business in Natrampalayam.
A traditional shoe-making family has received assistance
to enlarge its' family business in Natrampalayam.
A traditional shoe-making family has received assistance
to enlarge its' family business in Natrampalayam.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings and the loan is disbursed from group
leader.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings and the loan is disbursed from group
leader.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings and the loan is disbursed from group
leader.
Women's group meeting in Natrampalayam to discuss
small loans from group savings and the loan is disbursed from group
leader.
A project beneficiary feeding her buffalo near Natrampalayam.
A project beneficiary feeding her buffalo near Natrampalayam.
A landscape near Natrampalayam.
Women return from the market near Natrampalayam carrying
their goods bundled on top of their heads.
Women return from the market near Natrampalayam carrying
their goods bundled on top of their heads.
A female beneficiary leads three buffaloes to graze
near Natrampalayam.
An old woman stands at her door in Natrampalayam.
A woman demonstrates silk worms in the chrysalis
stage contained on trays or chandrakis in Natrampalayam.
A woman demonstrates silk worms in the chrysalis
stage contained on trays or chandrakis in Natrampalayam.
A woman demonstrates silk worms in the chrysalis
stage contained on trays or chandrakis in Natrampalayam.
Feeding room where the young silkworms are left to
feed on mulberry leaves.
Close-up of young silkworms feeding on mulberry leaves.
A member of a women's' group near Natrampalayam shows
her savings book
A member of a women's' group near Natrampalayam shows
her contribution to the group savings account.
A member of a women's' group near Natrampalayam shows
her contribution to the group savings account.
Women gather limestone and break it into small pieces
to put it in a kiln near Sesurajapuram.
Women gather limestone and break it into small pieces
to put it in a kiln near Sesurajapuram.
Women pouring limestone into a kiln near Sesurajapuram.
Women pouring limestone into a kiln near Sesurajapuram.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
While bamboo mats are being thatched in a village
industry unit near Denkanikittai, the group leader receives savings
from a group member.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women in Sesurajapuram pick leaves to feed silk worms.
Women thatching 'thadukku' or room dividers made
out of bamboo stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'hand windows' made out of bamboo
stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'hand windows' made out of bamboo
stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
Women thatching 'hand windows' made out of bamboo
stalks in a village industry unit near Denkanikottai.
While bamboo mats are being thatched in a village
industry unit near Denkanikittai, the group leader receives savings
from a group member.
Women in Sesurajapuram pick leaves to feed silk worms.
Women in Sesurajapuram pick leaves to feed silk worms.
Women in Sesurajapuram pick leaves to feed silk worms.
Close-up of young silkworms on a tray.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyzes a problem through group discussion.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses a problem through group discussion.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses group finances.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses group finances.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses a problem through group discussion.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses a problem through group discussion.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses group finances.
A women's' group meeting taking place in Perialangiri.
The group leader analyses a problem through group discussion.
An old man walking near Perialangiri.
A female beneficiary harvests ground-nuts near Perialangiri.
A female beneficiary harvests ground-nuts near Perialangiri.
A female beneficiary harvests ground-nuts near Perialangiri.
A woman takes her cows to graze outside Shoolagiri.
An old woman poses near her home.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
A female beneficiary and her friend carry water in
a jug to water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
A female beneficiary and her friend carry water in
a jug to water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
Beneficiaries hand water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
Beneficiaries hand water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
Beneficiaries hand water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
Beneficiaries hand water mango saplings in Perialangiri.
Credit beneficiaries make clay pots in Chinnalangiri.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Women harvest a 'ragi' crop. 'Ragi' is a frequently
raised crop in dry areas of the Dharmapuri District.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
Credit beneficiaries make clay pots in Chinnalangiri.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
Group leaders' being trained by an extension officer
in Shoolagiri.
An extension worker uses a wall chart to illustrate
ideas at a group leaders training course in Shoolagiri.
A women's' group makes toys using plastic, wire,
glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
A women's' group makes toys using plastic, wire,
glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
Credit beneficiaries make clay pots in Chinnalangiri.
Credit beneficiaries make clay pots in Chinnalangiri.
Credit beneficiaries make clay pots in Chinnalangiri.
A project beneficiary holds her child while feeding
calves in Chinnalangiri. |
A woman displays toys she has made using plastic,
wire, glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
Typical dry landscape near Shoolagiri.
A project beneficiary weeds the basin around mango
saplings at Shoolagiri.
A project beneficiary weeds the basin around mango
saplings at Shoolagiri.
A project beneficiary hand waters mango saplings
near Shoolagiri.
A project beneficiary hand waters mango saplings
near Shoolagiri.
Portrait of a project beneficiary displaying her
savings book issued by the Indian Bank in Shoolagiri.
Portrait of a project beneficiary displaying her
savings book issued by the Indian Bank in Shoolagiri.
Portrait of a project beneficiary displaying her
savings book issued by the Indian Bank in Shoolagiri.
A women's' group makes toys using plastic, wire,
glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
A women's' group makes toys using plastic, wire,
glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
A women's' group makes toys using plastic, wire,
glass beads etc. at a village toy making unit near Shoolagiri.
A silk making unit in Shoolagiri where after the
silkworms have been killed with hot water, the silk is reeled out
onto revolving spools.
A silk making unit in Shoolagiri where after the
silkworms have been killed with hot water, the silk is reeled out
onto revolving spools.
Silk cocoons are stored in trays and stocked on wooden
racks at a silk-making model unit in Shoolagiri.
Silk cocoons are stored in trays and stocked on wooden
racks at a silk-making model unit in Shoolagiri.
A woman from the silk making unit in Shoolagiri displays
threads of silk that they have produced.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
A silk making unit in Shoolagiri where after the
silkworms have been killed with hot water, the silk is reeled out
onto revolving spools.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
A silk making unit in Shoolagiri where after the
silkworms have been killed with hot water, the silk is reeled out
onto revolving spools.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Oxen pull a plough in the Nadupatti area.
A shepherd who has benefited from the project grazes
sheep in Nadupatti.
A shepherd who has benefited from the project grazes
sheep in Nadupatti.
A project beneficiary grazes oxen in Nadupatti.
A project beneficiary grazes oxen in Nadupatti.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
An extension worker briefs a beneficiary on betelvine
cultivation near Gunsettihalli.
A betelvine farmer picks leaves on her plantation
near Gunsettihalli.
A betelvine farmer picks leaves on her plantation
near Gunsettihalli.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women braid coconut leaves to make panelling for
homes and to be used as carpeting at a production unit near Naickenkottai.
Women carry bundles of grass used as animal fodder
for their goats and cows in Kottaibairahalli.
Women carry bundles of grass used as animal fodder
for their goats and cows in Kottaibairahalli.
Young women watch over their families sheep grazing
near Kottaibairahalli.
Young women watch over their families sheep grazing
near Kottaibairahalli.
Young women watch over their families sheep grazing
near Kottaibairahalli.
Typical landscape in the Kottaibairahalli area.
Young women watch over their families sheep grazing
near Kottaibairahalli.
Roadside fruit vendors in the Kottaibairahalli area.
Close-up of a betelvine farmer picking leaves on
her plantation near Gunsettihalli. The apparatus on the thumbnail
helps in plucking, counting, grading and separating a number of
leaves all at once.
A beneficiary reels out cord made from agave fibre
to make mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
A beneficiary reels out cord made from agave fibre
to make mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
Beneficiaries sit at a loom for weaving kora reeds
and agave fibre into mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
Close-up of a betelvine farmer picking leaves on
her plantation near Gunsettihalli. The apparatus on the thumbnail
helps in plucking, counting, grading and separating a number of
leaves all at once.
Women carry bundles of grass used as animal fodder
for their goats and cows in Kottaibairahalli.
Beneficiary sits at a loom for weaving kora reeds
and agave fibre into mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
Beneficiary sits at a loom for weaving kora reeds
and agave fibre into mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
A woman sits with a hungry child on her lap.
A kora mat that has been completed is inspected by
a supervisor in Mookanoor. The kora reed is woven into mats along
with the agave fibre.
Women lining up at a hand pump installed by the village
Panchayat to collect water in pots for household use.
Beneficiaries sit at a loom for weaving kora reeds
and agave fibre into mats at a kora mat weaving unit in Mookanoor.
Women harvest ragi, a commonly grown crop in dry
areas of the Dharmapuri district.
Women harvest ragi, a commonly grown crop in dry
areas of the Dharmapuri district.
Women harvest ragi, a commonly grown crop in dry
areas of the Dharmapuri district.
Women walk down the road near Maniyambadi.
Two women separate ragi from straw in Maniyambadi.
Two women separate ragi from straw in Maniyambadi.
Woman carrying a basket of ragi that has been separated
from straw in Maniyambadi.
A female beneficiary grazes a tethered goat near
Maniyambadi.
Young boys pose in the village of Maniyambadi
Women harvest ragi, a commonly grown crop in dry
areas of the Dharmapuri district.
Women harvest ragi, a commonly grown crop in dry
areas of the Dharmapuri district.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
Close-up of tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A
woman is shelling the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of
the tamarind. Once the pods are clean they will packed for later
sale.
Women sitting outside in the village Odasalpatti.
A small shop opened with financial help from the
project in Odasalpatti.
A small shop opened with financial help from the
project in Odasalpatti.
A woman sells vegetables on the street in Odasalpatti.
A small shop that sells refreshments opened with
financial help from the project in Odasalpatti.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
Tamarind processing in Odasalpatti. A woman is shelling
the pods and separating the seeds and fibre of the tamarind. Once
the pods are clean they will packed for later sale.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
A project beneficiary holding a sheep in her arms.
A project beneficiary holding a sheep in her arms.
A project beneficiary holding a sheep in her arms.
A project beneficiary waters her mango saplings near
K. Eachampadi while her daughter helps weed.
A woman weeds around a young mango plant in K. Eachampadi.
A basin is dug around each young plant to help it retain moisture.
A group leader speaking with a project beneficiary
in a field near K. Eachampadi.
A woman in K. Eachampadi mixes food by hand to feed
her young child.
A woman in K. Eachampadi grinds rice to make porridge.
A project beneficiary waters her mango saplings near
K. Eachampadi while her daughter helps weed.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
A project beneficiary with a cross-bred cow in Jadiampatti.
A project beneficiary holding a sheep in her arms.
Village children observe the Vanaraja chickens delivered
as part of the project. The breed was developed at the Andhra Pradesh
Agricultural University as a substitute for the smaller native birds,
which yield fewer eggs.
This young boy is holding a newly acquired Vanaraja
chicken. Bred at the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, these
chickens are bigger than native chickens and yield more eggs.
Families throughout the project area have received
new chicken stocks. This woman is holding Vanaraja chickens. A breed
developed at the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University in Hyderabad,
these chickens grow larger than native chickens and produce more
eggs.
The chickens this woman is holding, a breed called
Vanaraja, were developed at the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University
in Hyderabad. Tribal women consider poultry to be extremely useful
and are keen to improve poultry stock. They expressed interest in
learning better poultry-keeping methods at the outset of the project,
and their input directly affected the project's practical implementation.
The project has supplied chickens to families throughout
the project area. This woman is holding Vanaraja chickens, a breed
developed at the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University in Hyderabad.
These chickens grow larger than native breeds and produce more eggs.
A Vanaraja chicken supplied to improve livestock
development; it is larger than native birds and produces more eggs.
Eggs are an important part of the tribal diet; chicken meat is eaten
mainly during religious festivals. The majority of tribal families
keep between six and eight chickens at any given time.
A Vanaraja chicken supplied to improve livestock
development; they grow larger than native birds and are better egg
producers. An important source of nutrition, chickens are often
sold to non-tribals to generate income. The majority of tribal families
maintain a stock of six to eight chickens in their yards.
Villagers gather to receive a supply of Vanaraja
chickens, a broiler cross-breed developed at the Andhra Pradesh
Agricultural University in Hyderabad. These chickens grow larger
than native birds and produce more eggs.
A woman observing the Vanaraja chickens she received
from the project. This breed, developed at the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural
University in Hyderabad, is meatier than the native variety and
produces more eggs. Eggs are a staple of the tribal diet, whereas
poultry meat is eaten mainly during religious celebrations.
Women's groups from 35 different villages run small-scale
taxi services. Each group purchased two auto rickshaws with the
help of an IFAD grant covering half the start-up cost. This small
enterprise allows them to earn between 250 and 300 rupees a day,
an income that provides them with security and frees them from moneylenders.
This auto rickshaw is owned by a women's group that
has started a small-scale taxi service. With the help of an IFAD
grant covering 50% of the cost, they were able to purchase two taxis.
The 250-300 rupees earned per day through this enterprise provide
them with a dependable source of income and freedom from moneylenders.
These auto rickshaw drivers earn about 75 rupees
a day. Women's groups from 35 different villages have purchased
two rickshaws each with the help of an IFAD grant covering half
of the start-up costs. The groups earn between 250-300 rupees per
day through this enterprise.
Small-scale local nurseries run by women's groups
serve both environmental and economic purposes. Bamboo, neem and
teak are planted to combat soil erosion and for purposes of reforestation.
The workers, mainly women, were trained in one of the Utnoor Integrated
Tribal Development Agency's six main nurseries.
Summer ploughing exposes eggs and larvae to predators
and dessication. This ecologically safe and effective pest control
method, not known before extension work began, is now commonly practised
throughout the project area.
The sight of a plough in the summer months was a
rarity before extension workers explained to farmers how summer
ploughing helps control pest populations by bringing larvae and
eggs to the surface, making them vulnerable to predation and dessication.
Mothi Ram surrounded by a flourishing string-bean
crop. Although tribal farmers devote most of their land to subsistence
crops and the majority of households have ample land holdings, poor
cultivation methods often keep yields below subsistence level. The
effects of the improved cultivation methods promoted by the project
are evident in the 1 260 demonstration plots in the region.
A farmer and his oxen working the soil. Previously
a rare sight, summer ploughing is now widely practised. Extension
workers have educated farmers about its effectiveness in controlling
pests by exposing larvae and causing them to dry out or be eaten
by natural predators.
An indigenous woman gathers building material. The
strong role traditionally played by women in many of India's tribal
communities has been a major factor in the success of 'participatory'
projects. Tribal women have shown great adeptness at implementing
project initiatives and adapting them to fit their needs.
Trained in one of the Integrated Tribal Development
Agency's six major training nurseries in Utnoor, these women help
to manage a satellite nursery in a tribal village. The smaller nurseries
supply local farmers with planting materials, including fruit and
wood trees, and also with theoretical and practical advice about
planting methods.
Members of a women's group that runs a local nursery
care for neem saplings, a native Indian tree of the mahogany family.
Its seeds and leaves contain a natural pest repellent, and the tree
is valued in India for its many medicinal uses.
Small-scale local nurseries maintained by women's
groups serve both environmental and economic purposes. The trees,
including bamboo, neem and teak, are planted to combat soil erosion
and for purposes of reforestation. Workers' pay is based on the
number of trees that leave the nursery for planting.
Members of a women's group that runs a local nursery
care for neem saplings, a member of the mahogany family. The seeds
and leaves of this native Indian tree contain a natural pest repellent,
and the tree is valued in India for its many medicinal uses.
A woman waters teak saplings. This nursery, one of
25 local nurseries in the project area, is run by a local women's
group. These nurseries augment the output of the seven main nurseries
and play a key role in reforestation, soil conservation and horticulture
planting initiatives.
Women tending to teak (foreground) and neem (background)
seedlings in a local nursery. Their pay is based on the number of
trees that leave the nursery for planting.
Although the tribes in the area of Utnoor: Gonds,
Kolams, Koyas, Lambardas, Pardans and Thotis mainly practise settled
agriculture, they maintain their distinct tribal identities and
many of their traditions. Customary taboos, and marriage and religious
practices persist even in their rapidly changing worlds
The dignity and pride of the indigenous populations
remains strong. The project is structured to allow them to adapt
without compromising their identities, while giving them the necessary
means to determine their future development.
Tribal communities are addressing the problem of
food security by establishing grain banks like this one in Koddigunda.
The idea is a simple one that appeals to the strong sense of interdependency
in tribal communities: members borrow in times of need and pay back
in grain after the harvest. The necessary equipment, structures
and grain stock are supplied as part of a one-time grant.
The grain bank silo in the background is a symbol
of independence for this man and his community in Koddigunda. It
is a community-run institution that has freed tribals from dependence
upon unscrupulous moneylenders.
Grain banks are an effective answer to food shortages
experienced in the winter months. Members made an initial deposit
of grain (sorghum or paddy) after the harvest; the project then
matched this deposit, thus establishing a reserve that members could
draw upon. A committee elected by members runs the bank.
A man and his wife sort through the new harvest.
The silo in the background is the storage facility for the local
grain bank, a traditional village institution re-established with
project assistance. It works like a bank using sorghum or paddy
instead of currency. The project matched members' deposits to ensure
grain reserves at the banks.
Tribals seldom cultivate commercial crops such as
tobacco and cotton. However, sometimes tribals who cannot cultivate
all of their land lease it to non-tribals who often plant commercial
crops.
A member of a grain bank borrows millet from the
community silo. He will pay back this loan, with interest, in grain
after the harvest. Before the project strengthened these traditional
structures with added grain reserves, the villagers in Koddigunda
and many other villages were forced to turn to moneylenders who
charged as much as 100% interest.
A tribal elder in Koddigunda village. The fusion
of traditional and modern structures is evident in the so-called
statutory panchayats, local government councils introduced in tribal
areas in 1962. As in traditional tribal councils, older tribe members
represent the villages in these panchayats.
Dr Vasantha Rao carries out a routine health check-up
at a public health clinic in Hasnapur village. The World Bank supplied
the funds to construct the facility; IFAD is focusing on capacity-building
by training locals to run the clinics.
A nurse administers vitamin B12 shots at a public
health clinic. This clinic in Hasnapur was built as part of a World
Bank project. IFAD is financing training and information initiatives
aimed at building the locals' trust and understanding. Long-held
superstitions about sickness often prevent indigenous people from
using health clinics.
Nurses administer shots of vitamin B12 supplements.
Vitamin B12 is critical in the production of red blood cells, and
its deficiency can cause pernicious anaemia. Routine visits to health
clinics can safeguard tribal populations against easily avoidable
illnesses and nutrition deficiencies that affect them disproportionately.
Combating archaic superstitions concerning sickness and treatment
is a fundamental first step in improved tribal health.
A nurse giving vitamin B12 shots at a public health
clinic. This clinic in Hasnapur was built as part of a World Bank
project. IFAD is financing training and information initiatives
to build the local structures needed to ensure such clinics' efficacy.
People in the project area are generally reluctant
to make use of World Bank-sponsored health clinics. A three-month
training and information campaign initiated by IFAD is designed
to establish the proper local structures and know-how to keep newly
constructed clinics like this one functioning and well visited.
IFAD initiated a three-month training campaign encouraging
locals to use the public health clinics built as part of a World
Bank project. The potential of clinics like these to improve tribal
health care is significant. One of the many obstacles, however,
remains indigenous people's apprehension of making use of such facilities
because of traditional superstitions concerning sickness.
A family visits the local public health clinic in
Hasnapur. IFAD is building the capacity of local workers so that
they can use and run the clinics effectively.
The public health clinic in the tribal village of
Hasnapur has been constructed with World Bank funds. IFAD is continuing
development work in the area of tribal health care, concentrating
on local capacity-building, extension work and training to ensure
that the clinics will outlast the project.
A man awaits a vitamin B12 shot at a public health
clinic in Hasnapur. Tribal groups in India suffer disproportionately
from anaemia, the result both of genetic disorders and a lack of
meat in their diets.
IFAD initiated a three-month training campaign encouraging
locals to use the public health clinics built as part of a World
Bank project. The potential of clinics like these to improve tribal
health care is significant. One of the many obstacles, however,
remains indigenous peoples' apprehension of using such facilities
because of superstitions concerning sickness.
Dr Vasantha Rao completes a routine check-up on a
small child. Addressing the many health problems facing tribal populations
is a core development issue. IFAD has introduced a three-month training
and information campaign to increase tribal awareness about the
importance of using public health clinics.
A woman receives a vitamin B12 shot at a public health
clinic. Vitamin B12 is critical in the production of red blood cells,
and its deficiency can cause anaemia. Routine visits to health clinics
can safeguard tribal populations against easily avoidable illnesses
and nutrition deficiencies, which affect them disproportionately.
Persuading women to have routine check-ups at public
health clinics like this one in Hasnapur would significantly strengthen
tribes. Tribal women ensure household food security, but they often
neglect their own diets while caring for their husbands and children.
A main goal of the three-month training and information campaign
funded by IFAD is to educate all tribals, especially women, about
the importance of regular visits to health clinics.
A young boy lends a hand during the construction
of a house in Powerguda village. Government rural housing schemes
are designed to engage local people in all phases of house construction
from conception to actual building. In many tribal villages, housing
projects run parallel to IFAD initiatives.
A construction project that is part of a government
rural housing initiative. Only community members assist in the construction,
assuring that government grant funds stay in the community. Powerguda
lies in the IFAD project area, so these same community members are
participating in IFAD's training and financial security initiatives.
This local mason lays the bricks of a new residence.
While IFAD works with indigenous peoples to establish a stable resource,
credit and knowledge base that will lead to sustainable food and
income security, the Government supplies credit for housing in tribal
villages.
Local masons and labourers build a house in Powerguda
village. The Government has provided housing loans for villagers,
stipulating that the labour must be local to keep the money in the
community.
India provides tribals with housing loans of 18 000
rupees (about USD 360). Only local labour is used to construct houses,
guaranteeing that the funds remain in the community.
India has created a conducive development environment,
particularly when it comes to scheduled tribes. This government-funded
housing initiative complements the many financial security initiatives
subsidized by IFAD and evidences India's active role in tribal development.
A young worker mixes mortar while working on a house
in Powerguda village. The construction is being funded with a government
loan for rural housing schemes, which are designed to use local
resources and labour.
From determining the site and design to mixing the
mortar, locals take a 'participatory' role in government housing
schemes just as they do in the IFAD project. India has made decisive
efforts to support tribal development projects.
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