The poorest of the rural poor are always difficult to target, for both IFAD and governments. Often illiterate and isolated, they have such great needs that reaching them on a significant scale remains a challenge.

The Community Agriculture Infrastructure Improvement Programme (CAIIP) is an US$81.9 million programme, co-financed by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the African Development Bank. It is implemented in 35 Districts in Central and Eastern Uganda.

Trying to create a profitable agricultural market where smallholder farmers were previously involved in subsistence farming is a very difficult task and sometimes an uphill struggle.

In rural Mozambique many smallholder farmers are prevented from selling their products to the market because of a lack of good access roads in remote rural areas.

Successfully involving youth in agriculture can be a serious challenge, especially when young people living in remote rural areas are disempowered because of lack of assets and limited economic prospects.