Savoirs

Mexico is the second-largest economy in Latin America. Despite being a large, upper-middle-income country, Mexico continues to have high rural poverty levels and wide social and economic disparities. While only about 21 per cent of the population lives in rural areas, they represent roughly two thirds of the extremely poor.

L’accès des agriculteurs à l’eau est un facteur de développement agricole. Cet accès dépend de plusieurs facteurs, dont des facteurs économiques, politiques, ou encore environnementaux. En effet, les décisions et stratégies adoptées par le gouvernement et les autorités locales permettent à la population, et plus particulièrement aux agriculteurs, de gérer de façon durable et efficace leurs ressources hydriques.

À Madagascar, le cadre législatif du secteur de l’eau agricole a évolué à partir des années 1980. Tout d’abord, en 1990, la reconnaissance de l’importance de la préservation de l’environnement et des ressources naturelles a débouché sur une Charte de l’environnement.

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) were both created in response to the food crises of the 1970s. We have worked together for more than 20 years to catalyze agricultural and rural development and improve food security in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

IFAD and IFPRI have strengthened the productivity and resilience of smallholder farmers and other rural people, with a particular focus on helping expand their access to innovative local farming methods, climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies and financing, and more profitable markets.

To further promote rural development and transformation, IFAD and IFPRI have built cutting-edge information systems and tools that deliver sound data and analyses to governments, donors, farmer organizations, and other stakeholders. As a result, the two organizations have fostered evidence-based policy making and investments that promote agricultural growth and rural development.

Cette année, le rapport sur L’État de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition dans le monde marque l’avènement d’une ère nouvelle de suivi des progrès accomplis pour parvenir à un monde libéré de la faim et de la malnutrition, dans le cadre défini par les objectifs de développement durable (ODD). Plus précisément, le rapport rendra compte désormais des avancées réalisées pour atteindre les cibles associées à l’élimination de la faim et à la prévention de toutes les formes de malnutrition.

Il comportera également des analyses thématiques montrant en quoi la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition sont liées à d’autres cibles des ODD. Le champ d’étude ayant été étendu au thème de la nutrition, le Fonds des Nations Unies pour l’enfance (UNICEF) et l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé (OMS) ont rejoint le groupe de partenaires élaborant habituellement ce rapport annuel, à savoir, la FAO, le Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA) et le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM).

Nous espérons que le partenariat élargi nous aidera à mieux comprendre les diverses dimensions de ce qu’il faut faire pour éliminer la faim et toutes les formes de malnutrition et se traduira par des actions intégrées permettant d’atteindre ce but essentiel.

Gender equality and the empowerment of women are prerequisites for the eradication of poverty and hunger. First and foremost, gender inequalities and discrimination represent fundamental violations of the human rights of women. In addition, it is well recognized that gender inequality and discrimination undermine agricultural productivity globally,1 negatively impact children’s health and nutrition, and erode outcomes across social and economic development indicators.

Much work on rural women’s empowerment has focused on the need to expand women’s access to productive resources, which can allow them to increase their productivity. However, much more attention needs to be directed at underlying gender inequalities such as gender-biased institutions, social norms, and customs that negatively impact women’s work (paid and unpaid), livelihoods and well-being. Within food systems, these biases manifest themselves in limiting women’s access to productive resources, to services (such as finance and training), to commercial opportunities and social protection (including maternity protection). These manifestations may be regarded as symptoms, therefore, rather than drivers, of gender inequality.

 

Climate change and malnutrition are among the greatest problems in the twentyfirst century; they are “wicked problems”, difficult to describe, with multiple causes, and no single solution.

En 2016, le Bureau de l'audit et de la surveillance (AUO) et sa Section des enquêtes ont joué un rôle essentiel pour garantir le respect du principe de tolérance zéro adopté par le FIDA à l’égard de la corruption, de la fraude et de la faute professionnelle. Le Bureau a su réagir efficacement et dans les meilleurs délais aux allégations d’actes répréhensibles en achevant les investigations concernant 56 plaintes au cours de l’année, soit un taux d’achèvement beaucoup plus élevé que les années précédentes, et en faisant généralement en sorte de

mettre un terme aux problèmes avec promptitude et efficacité.

Les actions de sensibilisation à la lutte contre la corruption se sont intensifiées avec la participation d’AUO à un certain nombre d’activités, notamment à l’échelle régionale, le lancement à titre expérimental d’un module de formation en ligne en matière de lutte contre la corruption, la célébration de la Journée internationale de lutte contre la corruption et une intensification des activités de coordination avec la Division des services de gestion financière (FMD), le Bureau de la déontologie (ETH) et le Département gestion des programmes (PMD).

In Argentina, IFAD helps reduce rural poverty by investing in smallholder farmer organisations and indigenous communities to increase their income. The country programme strategy (2016-2021) is based on national priorities and has three strategic objectives focusing on income and strategic opportunities; human and social capital; and institutional development.

The strategy emphasizes the central role farmer and community organizations play in rural transformation processes. Key activities include:
• bolstering the economic sustainability of families and organizations by improving and diversifying productive activities, building resilience, improving their negotiating power in value chains, and promoting good nutritional practices
• strengthening the capacity of poor rural people and organizations by improving their managerial capacity, socio-economic condition, and their ability to engage in dialogue with the public sector
• building the capacity of government institutions to support rural development.

La présente note pratique fournit des orientations sur la prise en compte du ciblage de la pauvreté, de l’égalité des sexes et de l’autonomisation des femmes dans la conception des projets du FIDA, des travaux préparatoires à la rédaction du rapport, en passant par la mission de conception.

This issue presents and analyses experiences from the following IFAD-funded projects and programmes:
Ethiopia: Pastoral Community Development Project; Nepal: Leasehold Forestry and Livestock Programme; Palestine: Participatory Natural Resource Management Programme; Peru: Project for Strengthening Assets, Markets and Rural Development in the Northern Highlands (Sierra Norte); Sierra Leone: Rehabilitation and Community-based Poverty Reduction Project

The Rules of Procedures of the Executive Board were adopted by the Executive Board at its First Session on 14 December 1977. The Executive Board amended rules 1, 2.2, 12.4,14, 18, 19.1, 20.3, 23 and 24 of the Rules of Procedure at its Fifty-Fourth Session on 13 April 1995. These amendments entered into force on 20 February 1997. The Executive Board at its Ninety-Eighth Session in December 2009 introduced a new rule 24. As a result of this amendment, rules 24 through 28 have been renumbered as 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29. The Executive Board at its 119th Session in December 2016 amended rule 7 and incorporated an annex to the Rules of Procedure in order to adopt the Principles of Conduct for Representatives on the Executive Board of IFAD. The amendment and annex entered into force upon approval by the Executive Board.

Le mandat du FIDA est unique en son genre, comme est incomparable son expérience des interventions dans les zones reculées, où les autres institutions ne vont pas et où la pauvreté est la plus profondément enracinée.

This paper describes the Participatory Impact Assessment and Learning Approach (PIALA) which was developed and piloted by IFAD. The approach aims to produce rigorous qualitative and quantitative evidence that can be used not only to identify and assess the impacts of development projects, but also to promote learning and improved understanding of the associated processes and pathways of socio-economic change. Illustrated with cases from Viet Nam and Ghana, the paper assesses the value of the approach for collaborative learning and reporting for IFAD’s country programming and global policy engagement, as well as for the wider development community.

With Fostering Agricultural Revitalization in Myanmar (FARM), the first project it has financed in Myanmar, IFAD is scaling up the best parts of regional and global projects, both its own and those of other organizations. For example, FARM has introduced a new method to complement pre-existing extension services.

This is benefiting both farmers and landless microentrepreneurs across the project area. At the heart of FARM’s innovation is the establishment of Knowledge Centres (KCs). Built on the structure and network of public extension services, the KCs are staffed by a ministry extension worker – the KC Manager. The KC Manager brings together farmers and microentrepreneurs in common interest groups, and helps them make the most of newly available extension services.

Investing in inclusive and sustainable rural transformation is strategically important for the 2030 Agenda. This has been broadly recognized in debates about the SDGs, particularly the roles of sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition in relation to SDG2, the eradication of hunger. It is important to recognize that the eradication of hunger is inseparable from the eradication of poverty in all its forms (SDG1). 

While poverty is often the main driver of food insecurity and malnutrition, hunger and malnutrition also result in the inability to escape poverty. Investments targeted at rural people are needed not only to ensure no one is left behind, but also to unlock the catalytic role that inclusive rural transformation has been shown to play in reducing and eradicating poverty and hunger, as well as promoting wider prosperity. 

Remittances have increased in low-income and lower- middle-income countries in recent years, playing an important role as a stable source of finance at the macro-level, and in poverty reduction at the micro-level. 

Drawing on a critical review of the literature and econometric analyses based on cross-country panel data, this study examines the relationships among remittances, growth and poverty reduction in Asia and the Pacific and highlights policy implications to be considered by governments and policy-makers.

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) emerged from the food crisis of the early 1970s and the World Food Conference of 1974. With financial support from Korea and other development partners, IFAD was created as both a specialized agency of the United Nations and an international financial institution. IFAD supports measures that help people in rural areas to overcome poverty and build better lives. Since its creation, FAD has helped about 464 million people to grow more food, better manage their land and other natural resources, learn new skills, start businesses, build strong organizations, and gain a voice in decisions that affect their lives.

Despite much progress – extreme poverty has been halved since the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were adopted in 1990 – there are still 767 million extremely poor people in the world, and more than 75 per cent of them live in the rural areas of developing countries. Population increases and rising incomes are creating a growing demand for food, which creates both opportunities and challenges for people working in rural areas, including in smallholder agriculture and in the non-farm economy. Rising agricultural productivity, more jobs off the farm and migration are reshaping rural lives, but so too are climate change, environmental degradation, conflict and forced displacement.

IFAD’s experience in developing countries over the past 40 years clearly shows that investing in rural people leads to poverty reduction and economic growth that go beyond agriculture and rural areas. IFAD’s 2016 Rural Development Report presented evidence that inclusive and sustainable rural transformation is fundamental to economic and social growth, and to poverty reduction at the national level.

It is well recognized that with higher incomes and urbanization, patterns of demand for food change and expand – potentially creating new opportunities for food producers in many of today’s developing countries. It is not always equally well recognized that much of the urban expansion involves the growth of (often previously rural) towns, with these settlements retaining many of their rural characteristics. 

The continued prevalence of small-scale farming in local livelihoods – albeit increasingly buttressed by increasingly dynamic non-farm sectors – remains a feature of many of these so-called “urban” settlements. Notably, small towns and cities of less than 500,000 inhabitants now represent the largest share of the global urban population, with the majority of the projected urban growth in the decades ahead to be absorbed by these centres.

It is well recognized that with higher incomes and urbanization, patterns of demand for food change and expand – potentially creating new opportunities for food producers in many of today’s developing countries. It is not always equally well recognized that much of the urban expansion involves the growth of (often previously rural) towns, with these settlements retaining many of their rural characteristics.

Découvrez, dans notre Rapport annuel 2016, les actions entreprises par le FIDA pour promouvoir la transformation du monde rural. Le document montre aussi comment nos investissements autonomisent les ruraux, femmes et hommes, et présente les données et les chiffres que nous communiquons à nos États membres et nos partenaires. Vous pourrez également en apprendre davantage sur les activités de plaidoyer que nous menons au nom des communautés rurales à travers le monde.

 

Famine, conflits, migrations forcées, pauvreté, faim, inégalités, sécheresse, changements climatiques.

Pour résoudre les problèmes majeurs que connaît l’humanité, il nous faut aller au fond des choses, autrement dit, nous attaquer aux causes les plus profondes de ces problèmes et oeuvrer avec les populations les plus défavorisées, qui sont aussi les plus vulnérables et les plus difficiles à atteindre.

Trop souvent oubliés dans les chaînes de valeur modernes, les petits exploitants familiaux, les commerçants, les ouvriers agricoles, les pêcheurs et les chasseurs-cueilleurs souffrent de la faim alors même qu’ils produisent de la nourriture.

Depuis quatre décennies, le FIDA est le seul organisme qui cible spécifiquement ces populations. Organisme des Nations Unies et institution financière internationale, il est la seule entité de ce type qui consacre toute son action aux zones rurales. Donnant la priorité à l’être humain, le Fonds lutte contre la pauvreté et la faim, en étroite collaboration avec les familles et les communautés. Le FIDA ne se contente pas de donner des conseils ou de faire des recommandations; il apporte avec lui des partenaires, des investissements et des projets à long terme pour assurer la durabilité.
 

En 2015, les États membres de l’Organisation des Nations Unies ont lancé un appel à l’action pour éradiquer la pauvreté mondiale, réduire les inégalités économiques et placer le monde sur une voie plus durable: le Programme de développement durable à l’horizon 2030.

This paper investigates the trends and the influencing factors of IFAD’s project disbursement performance over the past 20 years. Based on data from 577 projects in 111 countries, the study finds that disbursement of funds are often delayed and time-consuming.

Using econometric analysis, the study assesses the internal and external factors affecting the amount and timeliness of disbursements, and provides important lessons on how international financial institutions such as IFAD can better monitor and manage this important aspect of their development effectiveness. 

Il existe aujourd’hui près de 250 millions de migrants internationaux dans le monde, qui vivent dans un autre pays que celui qu’ils considèrent comme «chez eux». De tout temps, les individus se sont déplacés, à la recherche de meilleures opportunités pour eux et pour leurs familles; mais l’ampleur des migrations des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines et des mouvements transfrontaliers au XXIe siècle est sans précédent. Le phénomène a été qualifié à raison de «face humaine de la mondialisation».

To grow and lead productive lives we need good nutrition, and good nutrition starts from what we eat. Food systems have great potential to make diverse and nutritious food available and affordable to all. To do that, however, there is a need to strengthen the focus not only on how food is produced, but also how it is processed, distributed, marketed and delivered to consumers, the series of activities that together comprise a value chain (VC).

Le ciblage de la pauvreté, l'égalité des sexes et l'autonomisation des femmes sont les pierres angulaires de l'action menée par le FIDA pour réduire la pauvreté rurale et l'insécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle.

The Integrated Approach Programme on food security in Sub-Saharan Africa targets agro-ecological systems where the need to enhance food security is directly linked to opportunities for generating local and global environmental benefits.

Investing in inclusive and sustainable rural transformation is strategically important for the 2030 Agenda. This has been broadly recognized in debates about the SDGs, particularly the roles of sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition in relation to SDG2, the eradication of hunger. It is important to recognize that the eradication of hunger is inseparable from the eradication of poverty in all its forms (SDG1). While poverty is often the main driver of food insecurity and malnutrition, hunger and malnutrition also result in the inability to escape poverty. Investments targeted at rural people are needed not only to ensure no one is left behind, but also to unlock the catalytic role that inclusive rural transformation has been shown to play in reducing and eradicating poverty and hunger, as well as promoting wider prosperity.

Le présent rapport fournit des données et une analyse des envois de fonds et de l’évolution des migrations dans les pays en développement au cours de la dernière décennie et examine également la contribution potentielle des familles qui reçoivent des fonds à la réalisation des ODD d’ici 2030.