Recursos

Recent years have witnessed a renewed interest in public and private-sector investment in agriculture. Concerns about longer-term food and energy security and expectations of increasing returns from agriculture underpin much recent agricultural investment. Some have welcomed this trend as a bearer of new livelihood opportunities in lower- and middle-income countries. Others have raised concerns about the possible social impacts, including loss of local rights to land, water and other natural resources; threats to local food security; and, more generally, the risk that large-scale investments may marginalise family farmers. The recent debates about “land grabbing” – the media characterisation of large-scale farmland acquisitions in lower- and middle-income countries – illustrate these trends and positions. 

Over the past 12 months, large-scale acquisitions of farmland in Africa, Latin America, Central Asia and Southeast Asia have made headlines in a flurry of
media reports across the world. Lands that only a short time ago seemed of little outside interest are now being sought by international investors to the tune of
hundreds of thousands of hectares. And while a failed attempt to lease 1.3 million ha in Madagascar has attracted much media attention, deals
reported in the international press constitute the tip of the iceberg. This is rightly a hot issue because land is so central to identity, livelihoods and food security.

Garantizar a los pobres de las zonas rurales el acceso tanto a la tierra como al agua es fundamental para alcanzar los objetivos de desarrollo del Milenio, en especial la meta de reducir a la mitad para 2015 el número de personas que viven en situación de pobreza extrema y padecen hambre, la mayoría de las cuales dependen de la agricultura para su sustento.

Sin embargo, en los debates internacionales las cuestiones de la tierra y el agua se siguen abordando por separado, y en ellos se considera un problema la notable utilización de agua para uso agrícola.