Recursos

En 2012, el Fondo Internacional de Desarrollo Agrícola (FIDA) puso en marcha el Programa de Adaptación para la Agricultura en Pequeña Escala (ASAP) con el fi n de hacer que la fi nanciación relacionada con el cambio climatico y el medio ambiente benefi cie a los pequeños agricultores. El ASAP, un marco de fi nanciación plurianual de donantes múltiples, proporciona una nueva fuente de cofi nanciación destinada a ampliar la escala de la adaptación al cambio climático e incorporarla en las nuevas inversiones del FIDA, que rondan los USD 1 000 millones al año. El programa se integra con los procesos de inversión ordinarios del Fondo y se benefi cia de unos sistemas de control de calidad y de supervisión rigurosos. 

Las intervenciones en cadenas de valor que alcanzan buenos resultados en relación con objetivos de reducción de la pobreza pueden traer también beneficios desde el punto de vista de la adaptación al cambio climático, puesto que permiten incrementar los activos de los agricultores y forjar vínculos institucionales. 

La finalidad de estas orientaciones prácticas es servir de herramienta para el personal y asociados del FIDA en proyectos de inversión que tengan objetivos relacionados con la resiliencia al cambio climático. 

This Progress Review evaluates the status of IFAD’s Adaptation to Smallholder Agriculture Programme (ASAP) at programme mid-term, 2.5 years after the first ASAP-investment has been approved by the IFAD Executive Board.

Projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate that, in the future, warming in Latin America could range from 1-4 degrees Celsius to 2-6 degrees Celsius, depending on the various climate scenarios. As land-use changes in Latin America have intensified the use of natural resources, land degradation and desertification have accelerated. The IPCC predicts that, by the 2050s, about 50 per cent of agricultural land in the region will be subject to desertification, and in some areas salinization. From the Amazon rainforest and the high mountains of the Andes to the coral reefs of the Caribbean and the coastal waters of the Gulf of Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean is host to unique ecosystems and biodiversity of global importance. Despite the region’s relatively small contribution to global warming, its natural environments and resource-dependent economies are threatened by the impact of climate change, and poor and marginalized rural communities are at greatest risk. 

The Near East and North Africa region is one of the world's driest and most water-scarce regions. In many areas in the region, demand for water already outstrips supply. Although the region contributes relatively little to greenhouse gas emissions, it will be among those hardest hit by climate change. Climate experts predict that, in future, the climate will become hotter, drier and more variable. Over the next 15 to 20 years, average temperatures are estimated to rise by at least 2 degrees Celsius, and possibly up to 4 degrees Celsius. Higher temperatures and reduced precipitation will increase the occurrence of drought, as is already evident in the western part of North Africa. Densely populated low-lying coastal areas in Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Tunisia and the United Arab Emirates are particularly at risk from rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion into agricultural land.

Family Farming Development Programme (ProDAF) in Maradi, Tahoua and Zinder.

Dans le cadre du Programme de développement durable des oasis (PDDO), le Gouvernement mauritanien, le Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA) et le Fonds pour l’environnement mondial (FEM) ont introduit et testé le pompage à énergie solaire de l’eau à usage agricole dans les oasis. 

El acceso a servicios modernos de energías renovables es un factor clave para erradicar la pobreza y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria. 

Procesos de ampliación de escala inteligentes en función del clima

El cambio climático pone en peligro la base de
recursos naturales de la mayor parte del mundo en
desarrollo, acelera la degradación de los ecosistemas y
convierte la agricultura en una actividad más arriesgada.
En consecuencia, los pequeños agricultores, que
desempeñan una función sumamente decisiva en la
seguridad alimentaria mundial, se enfrentan a un clima
cada vez más extremo. Los pequeños agricultores se
ven afectados de una forma más directa por las sequías,
las inundaciones y las tormentas, a la vez que sufren
los efectos paulatinos del cambio climático, como el
estrés hídrico en los cultivos y la ganadería, la erosión
costera debida al aumento del nivel del mar y la
imprevisibilidad de las infestaciones de plagas.

El FIDA considera que los pequeños agricultores son más que meras víctimas del cambio climático: constituyen una parte fundamental de la solución de este problema “perverso” del cambio climático. 

Climate change and sustainable development are the central challenges of our time. They are inseparably linked and need to be addressed together. Action to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapt to climate impacts is essential for ensuring sustainable development. At the same time, only sustainable development can provide the stable political, economic, social and environmental conditions that all countries need to address climate change successfully and
build carbon-neutral economies. This is why the UN system is fully committed to supporting the international community as it confronts climate change while working to build a sustainable world for the twenty-first century.

Natural resources (land, water, forests, fisheries) are fundamental to the survival of rural people. The livelihoods of most poor people depend on agriculture, which in turn hinges on the continued productiveness of the land and availability of water resources. Land and water, in addition to forests, offer the compendium of ecological goods and services that smallholders in developing countries need for their economic development; they can also provide a safety net in times of crisis. These resources are also global public goods. Natural resources need to be managed sustainably not only on smallholder farms and in individual sectors (e.g. selected sources of water or forest reserves) but in the totality of ecosystems that support their existence.

These Guidelines are the result of an extensive process of consultation and a concerted effort that brought together different fisheries and
climate change experts in different moments in time. Substantive inputs were provided by a range of stakeholders, including smallholder
farmers, aquaculturists, academics, personnel from ministries of agriculture and environment, and development cooperation partners.

In 2001, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council approved the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as an executing agency under its policy of expanded opportunities for executing agencies. 

This publication illustrates IFAD’s experience in closing the gender gap and mobilizing the ‘gender advantage’ in climate change adaptation through ten case studies from across the world. 

En la actualidad Latinoamérica presenta diferentes retos para promover el desarrollo rural de sus comunidades, combatir la escasez de agua y garantizar su seguridad alimentaria. En los últimos años, México ha sufrido una serie de eventos hidrometeorológicos que han generado graves daños sociales y económicos que requieren de importantes inversiones para permitir a las regiones afectadas regresar a su condición habitual. Esto ha hecho evidente la gran vulnerabilidad del país así como la importancia que juega la capacidad de adaptación de la nación o en otras palabras, la resiliencia del país.

In parts of Kenya, local communities have been empowered to take control of their own development. The success of the project rests on community involvement
and mobilization of local financial, natural and human resources.

Climate variability and change are expected to compromise agricultural production and food security severely in many African countries. 

The already vulnerable Sahel area is highly exposed to climate change impacts due to the strong dependence of its population on rainfed agriculture and livestock. Rainfall variability, land degradation and desertification are some of the key factors that are heavily impacting on local livelihoods. Droughts with varying degrees
of severity occur in two out of every five years, making harvests of the major food and cash crops highly uncertain. The recurrent droughts of the 1970s and 1980s caused huge losses of agricultural production and livestock, the loss of human lives to hunger and malnutrition, and the massive displacement of people and
shattered economies. Most climate models predict that the Sahel region will become even drier during this century.

 Los pequeños agricultores son la columna vertebral de la economía
rural, pero son los más castigados por el cambio climático. En todo el
mundo, hay 500 millones de pequeños agricultores que prestan
apoyo a unos 2 000 millones de personas. Estos agricultores habitan
en algunos de los espacios naturales más expuestos a riesgo,
como son colinas, desiertos y llanuras aluviales. El cambio
climático multiplica las amenazas con que se enfrentan los pequeños
agricultores, además de poner en peligro los recursos naturales de los
que dependen y acelerar la degradación del medio ambiente.

En tanto que organismo especializado de las
Naciones Unidas dedicado a erradicar la pobreza
rural en los países en desarrollo, el FIDA presta
apoyo a programas y proyectos con importantes
componentes relacionados con la ordenación de los
recursos naturales. En este sentido las actividades
encaminadas a combatir la deforestación, la
degradación de los suelos y la desertificación son
una parte central de las operaciones del Fondo.
En todos los documentos sobre oportunidades
estratégicas nacionales, que rigen las actividades de
préstamo y donación en los distintos países, se
plantea un enfoque integrado para mejorar los
medios de subsistencia mediante un mayor acceso a
los recursos naturales y su ordenación sostenible.

This report was prepared for informing IFAD‘s Country Strategic Opportunities Program (COSOP) 2012 – 2017 for Viet Nam. In preparation of this report a brainstorming workshop was held on 9 May 2011 in Hanoi bringing together key national research institutes working on climate change (CC) and environment related issues, ministries of agriculture and environment and bilateral and multilateral donors.

There is a general consensus that rural areas and rural livelihood systems
will bear the brunt of climate change across the globe. More frequent
extreme weather events such as heat waves and intense precipitation are
likely to place the livelihoods of many rural people at risk. Africa is
expected to be the most vulnerable continent to climate change, and will
face a decline in both food security and agricultural activity, particularly
in relation to subsistence farming.

The impact of climate change on agriculture is expected to be
devastating in many parts of the developing world. Especially in the
least developed countries, declining crop productivity and livestock deaths
associated with further global warming pose a serious threat to food
security and national economies.
Nonetheless, vulnerability to climate change can be exacerbated by poverty,
marginality and low adaptive capacity. An integrated approach is
therefore needed to bridge the gap between local development and the
global challenge of climate change.