Savoirs

It’s a well-worn cliché that women’s work is never done. But in many parts of the world, it’s still undeniably true.

Cette boîte à outils comprend un aperçu général, une note pratique et une note sur les enseignements tirés des technologies permettant de réduire la charge de travail domestique. Ces documents illustrent l'importance de la question au moyen d'une description des techniques, de leurs avantages, et de la façon dont elles pourraient être intégrées aux opérations du FIDA.

Il est nécessaire de disposer de données plus précises sur l'accès à l'eau en quantité suffisante pour répondre aux besoins de tous les membres des ménages, notamment en matière de distances parcourues, de temps requis pour la collecte, et de répartition du travail dans la famille ou le groupe.

Le présent document donne un aperçu général des technologies et pratiques permettant aux rurales de gagner du temps et de diminuer leur charge de travail domestique, ainsi que les avantages qui en découlent. Des exemples tirés de projets appuyés par le FIDA sont également fournis.

This paper explores aspects of promoting rural women’s leadership in producers’ organizations (POs). Despite the vast amount of work that women perform in the agriculture sector, their role remains largely unrecognized. The concerns and issues of women farmers are scarcely heard at the local, national and global levels. One reason for this silence is that there are not enough women in leadership positions to be able to represent the interests of rural women.
This shortage is compounded by women’s lack of voice in decision-making processes at all levels − from households to rural organizations − and in policymaking.

The following study was designed by IFAD in order to contribute to the knowledge about the relationship between gender, water investment and time saving. It is also intended to contribute to gender mainstreaming in IFAD’s water projects. The focus of the study is to see how much time women and men gain when they have improved access to sources of water and to establish what individuals, particularly women, do with the time they save by not having to walk long distances in search of water. The study further aims to discover to what extent the projects/investments contribute to reducing drudgery and to achieving equitable workloads between men and women. The survey targeted ongoing projects from the five regions in which IFAD operates that were either in their second phase or a mature stage of operation. In each project, one community was covered and 24 households were targeted. The survey successfully covered seven communities and 140 households and was mainly conducted through project officers facilitated by country programme managers or country programme officers.

Le modèle de la vie familiale a été mis au point et est actuellement appliqué dans le cadre du Community Connector Project, un projet d’une durée de cinq ans lancé par l’Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international (USAID) dans le cadre de son Initiative alimentaire pour l’avenir (Feed the Future). Le principal organisme d’exécution de ce projet est FHI 360 (anciennement Family Health International), une organisation de développement humain à but non lucratif. 

With a small grant, INBAR has innovated Household Charcoal (HHC) production from cooking with firewood into a new livelihood opportunity and sustainable value chain for the economic empowerment of poor rural women. Women from poor rural households in Ethiopia, India and Tanzania were trained to put out fires when they had finished cooking to prevent smouldering, collect household charcoal through the clusters and process it into briquettes. INBAR has also developed the NCPP Social Enterprise Model which is an Innovative & Inclusive Institutional system to strengthen the rural development ecosystem and enable safe investment opportunities for rural women.

Cette Note pratique constitue un guide, étape par étape, de la mise en œuvre des méthodologies (ou méthodes) axées sur les ménages. Y sont décrites les activités menées à l’échelle du ménage, les différentes approches suivies pour appliquer ces méthodes, le système des prestataires de services et des facilitateurs, ainsi que le rôle de la communauté et de l’environnement global. Elles indiquent les points principaux à prendre en compte pour inclure ces méthodes au stade de la conception et de l’exécution des projets. 

Le FIDA a obtenu des résultats importants en matière de promotion d’approches et de processus novateurs d’intégration de l’égalité des sexes favorables aux pauvres dans ses opérations, un domaine dans lequel l’Organisation possède désormais un avantage comparatif. La part des femmes dans les projets appuyés par le FIDA continue de croître, elles représentent désormais la moitié de tous les bénéficiaires. La croissance agricole est plus forte lorsque les femmes, comme les hommes, sont en mesure de participer pleinement aux activités économiques. Lutter contre les inégalités entre les sexes et favoriser l’autonomisation des femmes sont ainsi des objectifs essentiels en vue d’améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle et de donner aux populations rurales pauvres les moyens de se libérer du joug de la pauvreté. Les faits montrent que dans les économies où l’on observe une plus grande égalité entre les sexes, aussi bien sur le plan des possibilités que des bénéfices, non seulement la croissance économique est supérieure mais la qualité de vie est également meilleure.

Trois quarts des personnes pauvres de la région Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre − environ 90 millions de personnes − vivent dans des zones rurales et dépendent de l’agriculture. Plus de 60% de la population active travaille dans le secteur agricole et la part des femmes ne cesse d’augmenter. Elle est globalement estimée à 70% dans la région et s’élève à 89% dans les pays de la zone sahélienne. Sur le plan sociopolitique, l’Afrique de l’Ouest et du Centre est une région encore très fragile. Elle compte la plus forte concentration d’États appuyés par le FIDA. En dépit de cette fragilité et de la pauvreté qui frappe plus de la moitié de la population, presque tous les pays de la région ont enregistré des progrès considérables au cours de cette dernière décennie, notamment en matière d’éducation, de santé et de redistribution des revenus

In Yemen, a community-led project for fostering women's empowerment has imporoved the food security of thousands of landless and smallholder famers living in the poorest areas of the country.  

From 2004 to late 2012, the Dhamar Participatory Rural Development Project, cofunded by IFAD and the Government of Yemen, addressed the needs of the rural population in the Dhamar Governorate.  By ensuring the participation of rural people in the decision-making processes and income-generating activities, the project improved the food security of substience farmers and their families in the villages of Dhamar.

In Jordan, the success of a project co-funded by IFAD largely rested on how quickly rural women were able to learn about borrowing money and setting up and running their own small enterprises.

This policy reinforces IFAD’s position as a leader in promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment in agricultural and rural development. It builds on IFAD’s experience and achievements in field operations and in the broader policy arena in promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment. The policy will provide IFAD with strategic guidance in systematizing, intensifying and scaling up its efforts to close gender gaps and improve the economic and social status of rural women in rapidly changing rural environments. 

La méthode a été élaborée par le Réseau des hommes (Men’s Network), qui se charge de sa mise en œuvre.

L’accompagnement des ménages est mis en œuvre dans les régions nord et sud du Malawi, dans les périmètres d’irrigation de Likangala, Limphasa, Muona et Nkhata des districts de Chikwawa, Nkhata Bay, Nsanje et Zomba. Dans le district de Zomba, cette approche a été appliquée à six groupes dans les zones de planification de la vulgarisation de Malosa, Mpokwa et Thondwe. 

Cette méthodologie entend promouvoir la participation active des chefs et des dirigeants traditionnels au développement humain inclusif dans les communautés rurales de Zambie.

L’approche axée sur les ménages a été mise en œuvre dans le cadre du Programme de soutien de l’agriculture exécuté dans quatre provinces (Centrale, Orientale, Septentrionale et Méridionale) de la Zambie, et a couvert 22 des 72 districts, dans 242 secteurs de vulgarisation agricole.

IFAD is committed to gender equality. Women embody half the talent and energy at any country’s disposal. That’s why greater gender equality leads to higher economic growth and better lives.

Cette étude de cas illustre comment la méthode de la transformation familiale a été utilisée efficacement en Éthiopie, en soulignant comment elle a fonctionné dans un contexte particulier.

Les études de cas présentent des interventions (du FIDA et d’autres organismes de développement) dans le cadre desquelles des méthodologies axées sur les ménages ont été utilisées efficacement, en précisant comment chacune d’entre elles a donné de bons résultats dans un contexte donné. 

Les études de cas présentent des interventions (du FIDA et d’autres organismes de développement) dans le cadre desquelles des méthodologies axées sur les ménages ont été utilisées efficacement, en précisant comment chacune d’entre elles a donné de bons résultats dans un contexte donné. 

The toolkit on Household Methodologies (HHMs) is composed of three parts.

La méthode GALS a été mise au point dans le cadre du programme Autonomisation de l’intégration des femmes et réseautage pour la justice de genre dans le développement économique (Women’s Empowerment Mainstreaming and Networking [WEMAN]) conduit par Oxfam Novib depuis 2008 avec des partenaires locaux et Linda Mayoux. L’application de cette méthode au développement des filières a été lancée à titre pilote par Oxfam Novib et ses partenaires en Ouganda grâce à un petit don du FIDA (2009-2011). La méthode a ensuite été déployée par Oxfam Novib avec des partenaires locaux au Nigéria, en Ouganda et au Rwanda avec l’appui d’un don plus important du FIDA (2011-2014) ainsi que dans d’autres pays grâce aux cofinancements d’autres donateurs. 

Among the world’s developing regions, Asia and the Pacific region has witnessed the deepest and fastest structural transformation. The Green Revolution that began in the 1960s spurred the rapid spread of improved varieties of cereal crops, accompanied by public investments in and policy support to the agricultural sector. As a result, productivity of wheat and rice increased dramatically, stimulating economic growth and reducing rural poverty. In the following decades, and especially since 2000, the structural transformation further accelerated, leading to a declined share of the sector in both output and GDP and, to a lesser extent, in the total employment. Facilitated by a conducive institutional and policy environment, the process brought about a more diversified, market-oriented and high-value agricultural production; the expansion of food processing, agribusiness, food retailing and exports; and increased domestic and international competitiveness of agriculture – albeit with country and subregional differences. Nevertheless, poverty, deprivation and hunger remain widespread. Two thirds of the world’s poor and hungry people live in the region, mostly in rural environments. Income inequality has been rising fast in a number of countries, especially between urban and rural areas, with adverse effects on poverty reduction and increased risk of social conflict and political instability. Moreover, the countries and subregions are at different stages of the structural transformation process. In most developing economies, labour productivity in agriculture is still low and the shift of the agricultural workforce to other sectors is yet to take place. Therefore, agriculture remains a critical livelihood option and the largest employer sector for most rural people. 

This publication illustrates IFAD’s experience in closing the gender gap and mobilizing the ‘gender advantage’ in climate change adaptation through ten case studies from across the world. 

Gender and rural development brief with specific focus on the Near East and North Africa.

Gender and rural development brief with specific focus on the Pacific Islands.

This review examines the impact of water-related projects on women, women’s role in managing water resources and the constraints women face in gaining access to water. It highlights the innovative activities and catalysts that have helped to address gender issues in water programmes and projects. 

Over 50 experts from more than 20 countries convened in Salzburg, Austria, in November 2011 for a special Dialogue for Action meeting entitled Transforming Agricultural Development and Production in Africa: Closing Gender Gaps and Empowering Rural Women in Policy and Practice. Designed to accelerate rural and agricultural development in Africa, the meeting focused on investment in women.

It was organized by the Salzburg Global Seminar (SGS) with support from the United Nations International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)/Belgian Fund for Food Security (BFFS) Joint Programme. This report aims to reflect the complexity of the discussions that took place during the event and the outcome of those discussions.

The paper highlights the issues arising from the Global Gathering of Women Pastoralists (2010) which brought together over 100 women from herding communities across 32 different countries to discuss the challenges faced by pastoralist women and girls, and their potential opportunities.

It aims to support development practitioners in planning specific interventions and mainstreaming issues that potentially affect pastoralist women into the implementation stages of development initiatives. 

The paper is part of the IFAD Livestock Thematic Papers on Livestock and Pastoralists and Gender and Livestock, which offer an in-depth view of the broader context.

What does gender equality look like? Gender equality exists where women and men have equal access to opportunities and services, equal control over resources, and an equal say in decisions at all levels. 

Evidence demonstrates that where gender equality is greater, there is higher economic growth and a better quality of life for all.

Trail Blazers: Stories of Women Champions from IFAD Projects presents snapshots of the lives and achievements of simple rural women from the project areas whose immense courage and dynamic leadership helped improve their own lives as well as the lives of their families and communities. 

Lorsqu’elles sont
économiquement et socialement
autonomes, les femmes
deviennent de puissants
vecteurs de changement. Dans
les zones rurales de nombreux
pays en développement, elles
contribuent largement à faire
vivre les ménages et occupent
une place centrale dans
l’activité agricole. Mais leur
statut subalterne par rapport
aux hommes les empêche
souvent de réaliser pleinement
leur potentiel.

This publication looks back at three decades of experiences in introducing labour-saving technologies and practices to rural women and persisting gender discrimination in access and control. It also takes into account major developments in science, technology and innovation over the last several years and shows they can benefi t women.

Dans le monde, on compte 1,4 milliard de personnes en situation
d’extrême pauvreté, qui subsistent avec moins de 1,25 dollar par jour. Près
d’un milliard de ces hommes, femmes et enfants vivent dans les zones
rurales des pays en développement.
Quelque 2 milliards de ruraux vivent avec moins de 2 dollars par jour. La
plupart d’entre eux sont de petits cultivateurs qui, avec leurs familles, ne
subsistent que grâce à l’agriculture.
Aujourd’hui, ils doivent faire face à des changements rapides et sans
précédent. Sous l’effet du changement climatique, de la croissance
démographique mondiale et de la volatilité des prix des denrées
alimentaires et de l’énergie, le nombre de personnes vivant dans l’extrême
pauvreté et souffrant de la faim va croissant.

This paper presents the outcomes of the Special Session of the 2010 Farmers’ Forum, Promoting Women’s Leadership in Farmers’ Organizations and Rural Producers’ Organizations,  that was convened on 12 and 13 February in conjunction with the Thirty-third Session of IFAD’s Governing Council. The session was co-organized by IFAD and the non-governmental organization Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources (WOCAN).
In plenary session and working groups, over 60 participants – including 35 women farmer representatives, members of the Farmers’ Forum Steering Committee, observers from NGOs and FAO, and many IFAD staff – had a rich discussion that generated important recommendations. 

IFAD will follow up on those recommendations not only as a matter of equity, given women’s enormous contribution to agriculture, but also because a stronger women’s voice and leadership in agriculture are essential to making smallholder agriculture more productive and sustainable.

Desertification is the process of land degradation that affects dryland areas and is caused by poverty, unsustainable land management and climate change. Drylands lose their productive capacity in a spiral of destruction that twins increased land degradation with increased poverty and food insecurity. Drought and desertification threaten the livelihoods of more than 1.2 billion people in 110 countries. 

The problem is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia Desertification is the process of land degradation that affects dryland areas and is caused by poverty, unsustainable land management and climate change. Drylands lose their productive capacity in a spiral of destruction that twins increased land degradation with increased poverty and food insecurity. Drought and desertification threaten the livelihoods of more than 1.2 billion people in 110 countries. The problem is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.  

In addition to caring for their families, women across the developing world spend considerable proportions of their time and energy using and preserving land for the production of food and fuel and to generate income for their families and communities.

These activities include crop production, growing fruits and vegetables, raising small livestock, tending trees, processing products for food and markets, and managing and collecting water and fuel. Women are usually responsible for the plots in which food crops are grown, while men are responsible for the plots on which cash crops are grown. The latter account for a major part of the threat of soil nutrient depletion and desertification.

Women constitute two-thirds of the 1.2 billion poor people in the world. The great majority live in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, regions that are also home to most of the world’s ‘water poor’ – those with limited access to reliable, safe supplies of water for productive and domestic uses. The role women play in reducing food insecurity and poverty – through their knowledge of multiple uses of water, crop production, local biodiversity, soils and local water resources – is recognized internationally. However, despite this, they are often still excluded from decision-making processes in new water management approaches and other natural resource allocation projects and initiatives. Globalization, changing market dynamics and climate change are altering the rural context for most poor rural people, resulting in increased vulnerability to natural hazards and economic uncertainties, above all for women. 

The objective of this study was to provide an overall and a country analysis of the needs of indigenous peoples and the solutions they propose to tackle rural poverty.