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Désertification
La désertification se produit lorsque l’on supprime le couvert forestier et végétal qui sert de liant au sol. Elle se produit lorsque l’on coupe les arbres et les buissons pour en faire du bois de feu ou de construction, ou pour nettoyer des terres en vue de les mettre en culture. Elle se produit lorsque les
animaux dévorent les herbages et provoquent, avec leurs sabots, l’érosion des terres arables. Elle se produit lorsqu’une exploitation intensive provoque l’épuisement des éléments nutritifs du sol.
L’érosion éolienne et hydrique aggrave les dégâts, emportant la couche superficielle du sol et laissant derrière elle un mélange très peu fertile de poussière et de sable. Ce sont ces facteurs conjugués qui transforment des terres dégradées en désert.
IFAD Annual Report 2009
IFAD, GEF Factsheet
l’éradication de la pauvreté rurale dans les pays en
voie de développement, le FIDA apporte son
soutien à des programmes et projets comprenant
d’importantes composantes consacrées à la
gestion des ressources naturelles. Les efforts de
lutte contre la déforestation, la dégradation des sols
et la désertification, en particulier, sont des éléments
centraux dans les opérations du FIDA. Dans tous les
exposés des options et stratégies d’intervention par
pays, qui orientent dans chaque pays les activités de
prêt et de don du FIDA, l’attention se porte sur une
approche intégrée de l’amélioration des moyens
d’existence passant par un meilleur accès aux
ressources naturelles et leur gestion durable.
Envoi de fonds et culture financière
Lightening the load - Labour saving technologies for rural women
Making the most of agricultural investment: A survey of business models that provide opportunities for smallholders
Comprehensive environment and climate change assessment in Viet Nam
This report was prepared for informing IFAD‘s Country Strategic Opportunities Program (COSOP) 2012 – 2017 for Viet Nam. In preparation of this report a brainstorming workshop was held on 9 May 2011 in Hanoi bringing together key national research institutes working on climate change (CC) and environment related issues, ministries of agriculture and environment and bilateral and multilateral donors.
Change Africa from within
deux ans, lorsque l’escalade mondiale des prix a provoqué des pénuries alimentaires dans de nombreux pays d’Afrique et d’Asie. La flambée des prix alimentaires a plongé dans une misère encore plus noire les pauvres, déjà aux prises avec mille difficultés pour satisfaire leurs besoins les plus élémentaires. Elle a laissé dans son sillage la crise financière mondiale, qui les a à nouveau pénalisés le plus durement. L’agriculture est le principal employeur, créateur d’emplois et exportateur de la plupart des pays en développement. D’un point de vue historique, elle est le moteur économique de nombreux pays, générant une croissance qui s’est avérée au moins deux fois plus efficace que celle d’autres secteurs pour la réduction de la pauvreté. Les investissements dans le développement agricole et rural sont par conséquent essentiels pour la sécurité alimentaire et un développement économique durable.
IFAD's livestock position paper
Learning by working together - Microprojects financed through the Indigenous Peoples Assistance Facility (IPAF)
Alternatives to land acquisitions: Agricultural investment and collaborative business models
Outils décisionnels du FIDA en matière de finance rurale
L’assurance basée sur un indice climatique: potentiel d’expansion et de durabilité pour l’agriculture et les moyens de subsistance en milieu rural
Le risque fait partie intégrante de toute activité agricole. Les agriculteurs sont confrontés à un vaste éventail de risques liés au marché et à la production qui se répercutent sur leurs revenus, les rendant instables et imprévisibles d’une année sur l’autre.
Nous faisons la différence
Dans le monde, on compte 1,4 milliard de personnes en situation
d’extrême pauvreté, qui subsistent avec moins de 1,25 dollar par jour. Près
d’un milliard de ces hommes, femmes et enfants vivent dans les zones
rurales des pays en développement.
Quelque 2 milliards de ruraux vivent avec moins de 2 dollars par jour. La
plupart d’entre eux sont de petits cultivateurs qui, avec leurs familles, ne
subsistent que grâce à l’agriculture.
Aujourd’hui, ils doivent faire face à des changements rapides et sans
précédent. Sous l’effet du changement climatique, de la croissance
démographique mondiale et de la volatilité des prix des denrées
alimentaires et de l’énergie, le nombre de personnes vivant dans l’extrême
pauvreté et souffrant de la faim va croissant.
Gender and livestock: tools for design
This Thematic Paper is part of a Toolkit for Project Design (Livestock Thematic Papers: Tools for Project Design) which reflects IFAD’s commitment to developing a sustainable livestock sector in which poor farmers and herders might have higher incomes, and better access to assets, services, technologies and markets.
The paper indents to be a practical tool for development practitioners, project designers and policymakers to define appropriate livestock development interventions. It also provides recommendations on critical issues for rural development and also possible responses and actions to encourage the socio-economic empowerment of poor livestock keepers.
Promoting women's leadership in farmers' and rural producers' organizations
This paper presents the outcomes of the Special Session of the 2010 Farmers’ Forum, Promoting Women’s Leadership in Farmers’ Organizations and Rural Producers’ Organizations, that was convened on 12 and 13 February in conjunction with the Thirty-third Session of IFAD’s Governing Council. The session was co-organized by IFAD and the non-governmental organization Women Organizing for Change in Agriculture and Natural Resources (WOCAN).
In plenary session and working groups, over 60 participants – including 35 women farmer representatives, members of the Farmers’ Forum Steering Committee, observers from NGOs and FAO, and many IFAD staff – had a rich discussion that generated important recommendations.
IFAD will follow up on those recommendations not only as a matter of equity, given women’s enormous contribution to agriculture, but also because a stronger women’s voice and leadership in agriculture are essential to making smallholder agriculture more productive and sustainable.
Gender and desertification: Making ends meet in drylands
Desertification is the process of land degradation that affects dryland areas and is caused by poverty, unsustainable land management and climate change. Drylands lose their productive capacity in a spiral of destruction that twins increased land degradation with increased poverty and food insecurity. Drought and desertification threaten the livelihoods of more than 1.2 billion people in 110 countries.
The problem is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia Desertification is the process of land degradation that affects dryland areas and is caused by poverty, unsustainable land management and climate change. Drylands lose their productive capacity in a spiral of destruction that twins increased land degradation with increased poverty and food insecurity. Drought and desertification threaten the livelihoods of more than 1.2 billion people in 110 countries. The problem is particularly acute in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia.
Gender and desertification: Expanding roles for women to restore drylands
In addition to caring for their families, women across the developing world spend considerable proportions of their time and energy using and preserving land for the production of food and fuel and to generate income for their families and communities.
These activities include crop production, growing fruits and vegetables, raising small livestock, tending trees, processing products for food and markets, and managing and collecting water and fuel. Women are usually responsible for the plots in which food crops are grown, while men are responsible for the plots on which cash crops are grown. The latter account for a major part of the threat of soil nutrient depletion and desertification.
Annual report on investigative and anti-corruption activities 2009
The Investigation Section of the Office of Audit and Oversight (OA/IS) has a mandate to investigate alleged irregular practices, namely (i) fraud and corruption, in relation to entities, contractors and non-staff individuals applying for or participating in an IFAD-financed project or headquartersrelated contract; and (ii) staff misconduct, pursuant to the adoption by the Executive Board in December 2005 of the IFAD Policy on Preventing Fraud and Corruption in its Activities and Operations (EB 2005/85/R.5/Rev.1). Implementation of this policy, along with the establishment of a Sanctions Committee, has aligned IFAD with best practices in this area of other United Nations agencies and the main multilateral financial institutions.
Twenty-seven new allegations were received in 2009, compared with 30 in 2008. Fifty-nine per cent were external, mostly involving bidding irregularities and procurement-related fraud. Emphasis has been placed on promoting awareness of the anticorruption policy at every stage of the project cycle, thus putting the anticorruption message in the foreground.
Enabling poor rural people to overcome poverty in Syria
IFAD works in partnership with the government, other donors, NGOs, local institutions and civil society organizations. It finances initiatives which enable poor rural people in Syria’s agricultural settlement areas to improve their incomes and living conditions.
IFAD is working towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and its interventions endeavour to reduce poverty and promote gender equality and environmental sustainability.
Travailleurs migrants et transferts de fonds vers l’Afrique Marchés, environnement porteur et perspectives des transferts de fonds
Remittances: sending money home
Eritrea - Catchments and landscape management project
restore vegetative cover and habitat diversity in areas of degraded rangelands,
forests and woodlands; and increase biodiversity within crop, livestock and
forest production landscapes.
Niger - Agricultural and rural rehabilitation and development initiative
Initiative, which will complement the ongoing IFAD-financed Agricultural and
Rural Rehabilitation and Development Initiative Project (ARRDI), will similarly
focus on southern Niger’s Maradi region – home to 20 per cent of the nation’s
population – targeting poor and extremely poor communities vulnerable to
environmental risk, with special emphasis on women and youth.
Ethiopia Community-based integrated natural resources management in Lake Tana watershed
chronically or periodically food insecure. Agriculture generates approximately 50 per cent of the GDP and 90 per cent of export earnings. Despite its importance, agricultural performance has improved little over the past 50 years and food security has deteriorated. Low agricultural productivity and chronic food insecurity are direct results of the ongoing degradation of natural resources in the
Ethiopian highlands.
Community-driven development decision tools for rural development programmes
Prix des produits alimentaires. Les petits agriculteurs peuvent contribuer à résoudre les problèmes
La volatilité des cours constatée dernièrement sur les marchés internationaux fait peser une menace sur la sécurité alimentaire mondiale. Pour les deux milliards de personnes qui vivent et travaillent sur de petites exploitations dans les pays en développement, l’existence est devenue plus précaire.
Cependant, des investissements, des politiques et des programmes de développement adaptés offrent une immense possibilité aux petits agriculteurs qui souhaitent accroître leur production vivrière et améliorer ainsi leurs conditions de vie tout en contribuant à assurer la sécurité alimentaire pour tous.
IFAD Annual Report 2008
First mile project - factsheet 3
Mobile signal coverage is expanding fast. More and more people own and use mobile phones and some are finding innovative ways to use them to enhance their earning potential. In the Republic of Tanzania, Internet connectivity is evolving rapidly, but few people in rural areas have access to the technology. The use of mobile phones and text messages, or SMS, is still far more widespread than e-mail. Yet the speed of change is dramatic. Communication technologies that allow wireless access within a 30-km radius are being extended throughout Tanzania and tests are verifying the feasibility of using GPRS modems in remote districts.
“It was important that we adapt quickly, looking for ways to ensure that everybody benefits
from these changes,” says Clive Lightfoot, technical advisor of the First Mile Project. “We want
to make certain that groups of people are not left behind and that the revolution is also
directed towards reducing rural poverty.”
Fighting water scarcity in the Arab countries
The Arab countries account for more than 5 per cent of the world’s population, but less than 1 per cent of global water resources. And as a consequence of the phenomena associated with climate change, the region is facing an even greater water shortage.
For 30 years now, IFAD and its partners in the region have worked to develop effective, replicable solutions to help poor rural communities manage their scarce water resources. More than half of IFAD’s programmes and projects in the region include a focus on water.