Savoirs

Ce document de travail présente cinq recommandations à l’attention des banques multilatérales de développement pour la mise en œuvre de réformes relatives à l’adéquation des fonds propres, de façon à aider les banques nationales de développement à transformer le financement des systèmes alimentaires.

 

Cette troisième édition de la collection « Advantage » sur le partenariat FIDA-FEM met l’accent sur les bénéfices de ce partenariat dans différents domaines, notamment les systèmes alimentaires, la biodiversité, l’adaptation aux changements climatiques et la dégradation des sols.

The Support to Farmers’ Organizations in Africa Programme (SFOAP): Main phase (2013 - 2018) is a continental programme which strengthens the institutional capacities, policy engagement and engagement of value chains of African farmers’ organizations (FOs). The programme supports the 5 regional networks of African FOs (EAFF, PROPAC, ROPPA, SACAU and UMNAGRI), their members at national level, and the pan-African FO (PAFO).

The MilkIT research for development project set out to improve dairy-centred livelihoods in India and Tanzania through intensification of smallholder
production focused on enhancement of feeds and feeding using innovation platforms and value chain approaches.

The project worked in the state of Uttarakhand in India and in Morogoro and Tanga regions in Tanzania. In both countries dairy has considerable potential to improve the livelihoods and nutrition of poor farming families but this potential has been underexploited. MilkIT focused on improving milk productivity through multistakeholder engagement to increase milk marketing and dairy cow feeding.

Famine, conflits, migrations forcées, pauvreté, faim, inégalités, sécheresse, changements climatiques.

Pour résoudre les problèmes majeurs que connaît l’humanité, il nous faut aller au fond des choses, autrement dit, nous attaquer aux causes les plus profondes de ces problèmes et oeuvrer avec les populations les plus défavorisées, qui sont aussi les plus vulnérables et les plus difficiles à atteindre.

Trop souvent oubliés dans les chaînes de valeur modernes, les petits exploitants familiaux, les commerçants, les ouvriers agricoles, les pêcheurs et les chasseurs-cueilleurs souffrent de la faim alors même qu’ils produisent de la nourriture.

Depuis quatre décennies, le FIDA est le seul organisme qui cible spécifiquement ces populations. Organisme des Nations Unies et institution financière internationale, il est la seule entité de ce type qui consacre toute son action aux zones rurales. Donnant la priorité à l’être humain, le Fonds lutte contre la pauvreté et la faim, en étroite collaboration avec les familles et les communautés. Le FIDA ne se contente pas de donner des conseils ou de faire des recommandations; il apporte avec lui des partenaires, des investissements et des projets à long terme pour assurer la durabilité.
 

The purpose of this guide is to provide some generic steps and principles to be followed when setting up institutional arrangements for the management and implementation of IFAD projects.

The goal of the grant was to develop home-based production of charcoal from cooking with firewood into a new livelihood opportunity – and thus create a sustainable value chain for the economic empowerment of poor rural women.

Women from poor rural households in Ethiopia, India and Tanzania were trained to put out fires when they had finished cooking in order to prevent smouldering, and to collect household charcoal through collection clusters, process it into briquettes and market the output through innovative partnership-based enterprises.

Transparent performance reporting is a key requirement for effective resultsbased management of IFAD rural finance interventions. Better reporting, tracking and management have benefits throughout the entire IFAD project cycle, from design to implementation and learning from performance data, and for actors at different levels: partner financial service providers (FSPs); programme coordination units (PCUs); government policymakers; and IFAD decision makers and managers.

The goal of this initiative was to contribute to establishing an inclusive financial system that meets the needs of the rural poor by supporting the growth of healthy microfinance markets and microfinance service providers. Underpinning this goal is the notion that timely and credible information is critical to the functioning of markets.

The Netherlands, with its dynamic private sector and renowned research institutions, provides know-how, technology and financing to the partnership. IFAD contributes its wealth of experience in supporting development of small-scale agriculture and rural livelihoods, while acting as a catalyst for investment from other donors and governments. The strength of this partnership is demonstrated by the growing support provided by the Netherlands to IFAD-supported initiatives. It is underpinned by increasing alignment between Dutch development priorities and IFAD’s mandate.

At a time when world attention is seized with the crises of migration and forced displacement, conflict, environmental degradation and climate change, FAO and IFAD are keenly aware that development must treat the underlying causes of desperation, inequality, and unsustainable ways of living on the planet.
FAO and IFAD have a shared vision, backed by technical expertise, which looks to the structural, longer-term causes of the scourges the world now aims to eradicate. Together and independently, our practices are geared toward providing sustainable solutions to food insecurity and lasting exits from the poverty trap. Together we are reaching marginalized and forgotten people who have too often been overlooked in development efforts.

Le but de la présente publication est de mettre à la disposition des chargés de programme de pays (CPP) du FIDA, des IMF et de tous les partenaires techniques et financiers, un outil méthodologique permettant de conduire avec efficacité les processus de transformation institutionnelle ou de regroupement d’IMF – en particulier celles ayant vocation à servir les populations rurales – qui sont a priori très complexes.

L’expansion du secteur de la microfinance, en dépit des progrès enregistrés, a été entravée notamment par des obstacles tant de nature institutionnelle que financière. Cette situation a conduit certaines institutions à s’engager dans des processus d’institutionnalisation, de transformation institutionnelle ou de regroupement pour faire face aux enjeux auxquels elles sont confrontées.

De nos jours, les institutions de microfinance (IMF) se présentent sous diverses formes: projets, réseaux de caisses ou de banques villageoises, institutions coopératives et mutualistes d’épargne et de crédit, associations, sociétés de capitaux, etc. 

Les Notes pratiques sont des outils qui servent à concevoir et à exécuter des projets en tenant compte des meilleures pratiques observées sur le terrain. Elles serviront de mode d’emploi aux équipes afin d’appliquer certaines recommandations relatives aux politiques opérationnelles du FIDA, aux exigences des cycles de projets, et aux outils de financement. 

This policy brief argues that the post-2015 development agenda should be designed to encourage governments and other actors to facilitate the economic and social empowerment of the poor rural people, in particular, marginalized rural groups such as women and indigenous peoples. 

For the first time, the three Rome-based agencies of the United Nations have joined forces to raise awareness on the importance of food losses and to stimulate change and action in member countries to reduce them.

FAO, IFAD and WFP welcome this global commitment to end poverty, hunger and malnutrition by 2030. Our proposal on how to achieve zero hunger by 2030 is in the context of the proposed Sustainable Development Goal to eliminate hunger and malnutrition by 2030, which, in turn, goes hand-in-hand with the proposed Sustainable Development Goal 1 to eliminate poverty at the same time. With almost 800 million people suffering from hunger and almost four-fifths of the extreme poor living in rural areas, it is necessary to raise agricultural and rural incomes to achieve those two priority Sustainable Development Goals.

This note highlights the lessons learned in supporting smallholder institutions and organizations. 

This How To Do Note guides design and country teams in conducting an initial analysis of organizations and their capacity development needs at the project design stage. It provides a conceptual framework and practical suggestions and tools to help practitioners systematically collate and summarize information captured during design missions. 

The purpose of this Guide is to support institutional and organizational analysis and strengthening (IOA/S) for design and implementation of programmes and projects.
The Guide is designed to be a practical, hands-on set of directions to those needing to answer the following questions: “how to go about doing institutional and organizational analysis? And once I’ve done it, how do I go about using this analysis to promote sustainable institutions and organizations?”

This is intended as a user-friendly Guide, the use of which could help identify strategic partners and key areas for intervention at COSOP level; to deepen the COSOP analysis at the design stage by generating interventions that support sustainable institutions and organizations, and progress
at implementation stage should be easier to monitor and evaluate effectively. 

The post-2015 development agenda can be structured to encourage governments and other actors to focus on strengthening the resilience of poor rural people and their livelihoods.

A number of targets that provide the basis to achieve this have already been proposed, particularly focusing on the promotion of more sustainable practices in agriculture.

IFAD POST-2015 POLICY BRIEF

Key sources in the post-2015 debate stress the role of agriculture in food security and nutrition, and suggest possible targets underscoring the role of agriculture with respect to food security and nutrition.

In 2014, Kenya was newly classified as a lower-middle-income country, with financial services and infrastructure expected to drive growth of 5 to 6 percent annually over the next five years. At the same time, the country is still in protracted crisis, with recurrent natural disasters, conflict, severe drought and hunger affecting livelihoods. Overall, about 10 million Kenyans suffer from chronic food insecurity and poor nutrition. Recurring drought means that a larger number of people in a growing population are unable to meet their food needs. Good seasons between droughts are increasingly rare, making it difficult for households to recover from crisis to crisis. Severe land degradation, primarily caused by deforestation, unsuitable agricultural practices and flooding, has had a negative impact on agricultural production.

In 2001, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) Council approved the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) as an executing agency under its policy of expanded opportunities for executing agencies. 

This overview document represents a synthesis of 4 policy briefs produced by IFAD, complemented by joint work with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) in the area of food security, nutrition and sustainable agriculture in the post-2015 agenda. 

IFAD’s work in the post-2015 debate is inspired by its unique mandate to invest in poor rural people to enable them to overcome poverty and to transform their lives.

Summary report on the workshop "Mainstreaming policy dialogue: from vision to action" organized by LAC and PTA on 17 October 2013.

This paper seeks to draw on both the positive aspects of current practice and the critiques that have been made, to propose an action plan for strengthening IFAD’s engagement in country level policy dialogue.

It outlines a set of broad principles underpinning IFAD’s approach, the first of which is the reaffirmation that policy engagement must be shaped and led by the CPM.

It also makes specific proposals for more effectively integrating country-level policy dialogue in IFAD country programmes; for improving IFAD’s monitoring, reporting and knowledge management on the subject; and for strengthening in-house capacity for country-level policy dialogue.  

Describes what IFAD and the Policy and Technical Advisory division are supporting country-level policy engagement.

It also summarizes past experience and explains how Country Programme Managers can access funds to engage in country-level policy dialogue.

An analysis of lessons learnt from field application of IFAD’s sourcebook on institutional and organizational analysis for pro-poor change.

IFAD’s experience shows that, with the right support, rural communities can transform their existence in a sustainable way. Supporting the development and ownership of a viable private sector in rural areas plays a fundamental part.

We have always supported the rural private sector, providing primarily small- scale operators with financial and technical assistance to help them
improve their livelihoods.

La croissance démographique, l’urbanisation et l’augmentation des revenus continueront à exercer une pression sur la demande alimentaire. Les prix mondiaux de la plupart des denrées de base agricoles devraient se maintenir à leur niveau de 2010, voire augmenter, tout au moins au cours de la prochaine décennie (OCDE-FAO, 2010). Les petits producteurs de nombreux pays en développement n’ont pas pu tirer parti de la hausse des prix lors de la crise causée par l’envolée des prix en 2007-2008. Pourtant, la flambée des prix aurait pu être pour eux l’occasion d’accroître leurs revenus en contribuant à améliorer la sécurité alimentaire. Mais cette opportunité d’utiliser la hausse des prix des produits alimentaires comme levier pour se libérer de la pauvreté ne s’est pas concrétisée pour les petits producteurs. 

G20 leaders, meeting at their Seoul Summit in November 2010, requested FAO, IFAD, IMF, OECD, UNCTAD, WFP, the World Bank and the WTO to work with key stakeholders “to develop options for G20 consideration on how to better mitigate and manage the risks associated with the price volatility of food and other agriculture commodities, without distorting market behaviour, ultimately to protect the most vulnerable.” This mandate was part of a comprehensive Multi-Year Action Plan for Development, of which food security was one theme among several including infrastructure, human resource development, trade, private investment and job creation, and growth with resilience.

The case study in Sudan, undertaken in the framework of the Initiative for Mainstreaming Innovation (IMI), analyzed training and skills development activities in the IFAD-supported Gash Sustainable Livelihoods Regeneration Project (GSLRP).

The study is an assessment of the type of capacity building and training that can be implemented in an area of great poverty using innovative approaches in community development and training. It illustrates the kind of impact that is possible at individual and community level.

IFAD commissioned this Rwanda case study, through an IMI initiative, to document the diversity of approaches of training and skills development, particularly to assess relevance, effectiveness and efficiency, outcomes and challenges with respect to the following key components:
(i) Targeting and transition to employment or business creation; (ii) Types of training and providers; (iii) Transfer of knowledge and sustainability. The objective of this study is to present the experience of IFAD in technical vocational and skills development in the context of Rwanda and by doing so, highlight the innovative features and lessons learnt for further replication.

This study was commissioned as part of IFAD’s Initiative for Mainstreaming Innovation (IMI) with the objective of learning lessons from IFAD experience in Bangladesh regarding training and capacity building, and so to improve the effectiveness of training for social development, capacity building, technology dissemination and innovation.

IFAD’s efforts to promote the innovations launched by its programmes are illustrated here with an analysis of activities to strengthen non-agricultural rural apprenticeships under the Support Programme for Rural Microenterprise Poles and Regional Economies (PROSPERER) and the future Vocational Training and Agricultural Productivity Improvement Programme (FORMAPROD)1 in Madagascar.

This paper reports on the major findings of a study on innovations in training and capacity building developed within the Rural Opportunities Programme of Colombia’s Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

Depuis de nombreuses années, le Fonds international de développement agricole (FIDA) fait de l'innovation, des savoirs et de leur transposition à plus grande échelle des éléments essentiels de sa stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté rurale dans les pays en développement. Le présent examen au niveau de l'institution de la stratégie adoptée par le FIDA pour promouvoir des changements à plus grande échelle est le premier du genre. Une équipe d'experts en matière de développement, financée par un don de faible entité octroyé par le FIDA, a été chargée d'évaluer le parcours suivi par le Fonds pour promouvoir la transposition à plus grande échelle des opérations couronnées de succès et la diffusion de ses politiques et processus opérationnels, instruments, ressources et mesures d'incitation. Elle devait ainsi formuler, à l'intention de la direction, des recommandations quant aux mesures à prendre afin que le FIDA devienne une institution promotrice de changements à plus grande échelle. Au-delà du FIDA, cette étude menée à l'échelle d'une institution est un exercice pilote qui pourra servir d'exemple pour d'autres organismes de développement.

As a signatory to the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness, IFAD is fully committed to management for development results (MfDR) as a means to improve development performance, not only in the programmes it supports, but also within IFAD itself: ‘focus on results’ is one of the organization’s core values.

Le SARDI est une réponse concertée, à la fois à court et à long termes, aux causes structurelles profondes des crises alimentaires dans la sous-région sahélienne, traduisant un engagement à en finir avec le spectre de la famine et la résurgence des crises.

L’initiative contribuera à réduire la pauvreté des ménages et à prévenir l’insécurité alimentaire conjoncturelle et la malnutrition à travers :
• l’accroissement de la production agricole, de la productivité et l’amélioration de l’accès des producteurs au marché
• l’amélioration des systèmes d’alerte précoce des Etats et le développement de systèmes de gestion des crises

La FAO, le FIDA et le PAM redoublent d’efforts pour aider les pays à atteindre les Objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD). Plus d’un milliard d’êtres humains vivent dans un état de pauvreté extrême, sont victimes de la faim ou de la sous-alimentation. La grande majorité – environ 810 millions de femmes, d’hommes et d’enfants – vivent en milieu rural, et dépendent de l’agriculture et d’activités connexes. Les trois organismes siégeant à Rome conviennent qu’aucun des Objectifs ne peut être atteint si on n’aide pas les personnes démunies, en particulier celles qui vivent dans les zones rurales, à lutter pour sortir de la pauvreté et de la faim. En conséquence, les organismes concentrent leurs efforts sur le premier Objectif, à savoir réduire de moitié d’ici 2015 le pourcentage de personnes vivant dans une pauvreté et une faim extrêmes.

La collaboration du Fonds avec les ONG a débuté peu après la création du Fonds, lorsque celui-ci a appuyé le
Projet de crédit agricole aux petits exploitants au Bangladesh.
En 1976, une ONG a lancé, sous la conduite du professeur Mohammed Yunus de l’Université de Chattagong,
une méthode novatrice de distribution de crédit aux ruraux pauvres, spécialement aux femmes et aux paysans
sans terre, dans un seul village. La constitution et l’éducation de petits groupes par l’intermédiaire desquels les
prêts étaient distribués formaient le pivot de cette initiative. Des agents mobiles de crédit ont mis des services
financiers à la portée des villageois et, grâce à une supervision efficace du recouvrement des prêts, les taux de 

remboursement avoisinaient les 98%.